FCE 280624 READING U/E
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  • Reading (Domande 1 - 5)

Reading and use of English (1h15minuti)

Part 1

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

 

 

Cooking with fire

People have probably used fire to cook food for (0).......... as long as they have lived on Earth. People would always have been (1).......... of fire because they had seen fires start naturally under the hot sun or when lightning (2).......... a tree. We can (3).......... that the first people to make their own fires did so by taking burning wood from one of these natural fires. People then (4) .......... out how to start a fire by rubbing two sticks together. There was a great (5).......... of wood available at the time, so this (6) .......... people to cook their food on large outdoor fires.



It was probably the cold during the last Ice Age about 20,000 years ago which encouraged people to build fires inside, to keep their caves warm. When people started living in houses in villages and wood became more (7).........., they built ovens. These needed less wood, so people were able to make sure their supplies (8)........... . Our ovens today use the same basic idea but look very
different.

Reading and use of English

Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0. NOT

The sword in the lake

It's (0).......... every day that you step on a sword in a lake! But that's exactly what happened to Swedish schoolgirl Saga Vanecek during her summer holiday.

The water level in the lake in southern Sweden was extremely low, because there had (9)........... no rain in the area for a long time. While Saga was playing in the lake, she found an interesting object. She wanted to know what it was and took it to her father.

 

 

He initially thought she had found an unusual stick (10)......... a branch from a tree but he couldn't be certain. He asked a friend to (11)........... a closer look. His friend thought it was likely to be something far (12).......... special.

 

 

Experts at the local museum, (13)........... Saga and her father took the sword, realised it might date back (14).......... around 1,500 years ago. (15)............ a result of Saga's discovery, further excavations were carried (16)........... at the site, and some ancient jewellery was also found.

Reading and use of English

Part 3

For questions 17—24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (O).

 

Example: (0) INVENT: INVENTION

Until the (0)............ of photography in 19th centtury, all portraits were done by an artist. These didn't (17)............. look exactly like the real person because the artist poften tried to make the subject look more attractive. When photography came along, people still wanted their various (18)...........hidden.

 

 

So photographers used a (19)................ of techniques, such as painting over their photographs, to produce a picture that would be (20).............. to the costumer. 

 

 

With the current (21)................ in digital technology, it has become relatively easy to make changes to a photograph. This is discouraged in news reporting where (22)............. is essential, but it is widely used in fashion and advertising. People at home can also play around with photos they have taken by altering an (23).............. on someone's face, or their hair colour. So, even now, as with the painted portraits of the 19th cntury, we cannot always have full (24)................ that a photograph of someone is a true likeness.

 

 

Reading and use of English

Part 4

For question 25—30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.

Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (O).

Example:

0. Prizes are given out when the school year finishes.

PLACE

Prize-giving ......................... end of the school year.

The gap can be filled by the words 'takes place at the'.

Laura was the only one who didn't go to the concert last night.

APART

Everybody ........................... to the concert last night.

Our journey took a lot longer than we expected as we didn't plan for such heavy traffic.

ACCOUNT

Our journey took a lot longer than we expected as we didn't take .................................. heavy the traffic would be.

 Don't ask Jane as she won't know the answer.

POINT

There's ............................. Jane as she won't know the answer.

What a pity you didn't receive my message earlier !

RECEIVED

I ................................... my message earlier !

Clare asked if she should get me a ticket to see her brother's band.

WANT

Clare asked, ".................................... get you a  ticket to see my brother's band?"

I couldn't run at the same speed as Katia.

KEEP

I wasn't .................................. with Katia because she ran so fast.

Reading and use of English

Part 5

You are going to read an article about a teenager who is talking about long family car journeys. For questions 31—36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

 

 

A big leap forward 

Chris Hilton meets the university student who's making a name for herself in athletics and comedy !

Feelings of inspiration and disbelief are inevitable for any journalist meeting Natalia Duncan. Indeed, following a short 45-minute conversation with her all she had time for in her hectic schedule - I was out left puzzled, trying to work out how this young woman manages to juggle athletics and comedy both of which consume a huge amount of time and energy, while still meeting deadlines at university. She tells me that at school she really struggled as part of a sports team. Then at fourteen, she joined the local athletics club and her attitude towards the local athietics club and her attutude towards sport changed. 'Athletics was solitary and didn't depend on cooperation, which appealed to me. But I didn't make an immediate impact and kept a low profile. The coaches were justifiably quite critical of my technique. My father suggested attempting the long jump and I loved it almost at once. He'd actually competed in the same event in his teens, though I wasn't aware of this, mainly because he'd given it up for football. Contrary to  what people assume, he never pushed me into athletics, although he's always been supportive.

 

When I ask Natalia about her recent success, she's surprisingly hesitant. 'I don't know. It's only been in the last two competitions that I've actually managed to run really fast before jumping. Before that, I'd telied on luck and sheer enthusiasm to ensure I recorded decent distances because I didn't have the natural speed most jumpers have - some of them without intensive training. Some experts might say that was a major failing but I've started to build up a bit recently.' (line 31)

 

Last summer, Natalia made her first appearance at a major championship, which some sports commentators hinted was premature despite her meeting the rigorous qualifying standard. (line 37) 'People felt I was being thrown in at the deep end, but I had little doubt I belonged there. To meet my sporting heroes was aamazing, though there was little time to socialise.' Despite people's reservations, her performance was remarkable.

 

Unlike some young athletes, she isn't afraid to reveal her targets in advance and run the risk of media criticism if she doesn't achieve them. 'My mindset has changed in the last few months,  admits. 'I've realised that breaking records can't be my only motivation. I'll keep aiming high, but I owe it to myself to have fun and give the crowd a  memorable time too. People can really take you to their hearts and appreciate being entertained.'

 

At first sight, athletics and comedy don't seem to go hand in hand, but Natalia claims that the latter helps her when jumping. Her brand of comedy is called 'improvisation',  which involves making up comedy sketches in response to the audience's suggestions. 'Comedy's definitely helped me beacuse having to think on the spot is what athletes frequently do during competitions - you can't afford to hesitate. On stage, a sketch I'm doing could be a disaster, but I need to move on almost at once. This reminds me of when I fail to jump correctly; I have to clear my mind and start all over again.


I ask her which of her two activities is most scary. 'Before competing I can't predict how well I'm going  to jump, and that mirrors what happens with comedy: I've no idea how the audience will react.  They'll give you a chance but you don't have that long to prove yourself. A stony silence in a theatre is terrifying. At an athletics event, however, the crowd will cheer you even when you mess up a jump. In both cases, people have bought tickets to see you, but in the theatre they feel cheated if they don't laugh much.'

 

Reading and use of English

Part 6

You are going to read an article   about an unusual festival. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A—G the one which fits each gap (37-42).

There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Pi Day

A festival associated with a maths concept may seem rather unusual, and not that exciting. However, Pi (r) Day - a festival observed annually in the US on March 14 (3/14) - is an exception. The festival honours the existence of pi (3.14), which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The celebrations include fun maths activities, and in some cases, a slice or two of delicious pie!

Mathematicians have calculated the value of pi to over thirteen trillion digits beyond its decimal point. (37)………….. Its technical director, Larry Shaw, convinced colleagues to celebrate the day - which also happens to be the birthday of the famous German physicist Albert Einstein - by parading around one of the building's circular spaces and consuming fruit pies.

Shaw and his colleagues had such a good time that they decided to make Pi Day an annual event where they would treat visitors to special pi-related activities, including a parade and, of course, some delicious pie. (38)………...... Then several years ago, US lawmakers made the celebration official by declaring March 14 Pi Day!

Cities and organisations around the US have introduced a number of activities to mark this special day. The town of Princeton, where Einstein lived from 1935 until his death in 1955, celebrates Pi Day and the scientist's birthday with a wide variety of events which inciude pie-eating, and Einstein look-alike contests. In addition, over the past few years, the US space agency NASA has observed Pi Day with an online challenge. (39)………….. This year, kids can help the experts figure out how to weather a Mars dust storm, measure a shrinking storm on Jupiter, or estimate the water content of a rain cloud on Earth!

Pi is also celebrated in other ways in the US. Each year, high school seniors aspiring to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology eagerly await Pi Day to find out if they have been accepted to the elite university. (40)…...……… Instead, they are posted at 6.28. This number is known by mathematicians as tau. It is derived by multiplying 3.14 by 2 and is believed to be much more reliable than pi.

The celebrations are not limited to academic institutions. Many US retailers get into the spirit of the occasion with limited-time deals on various products or services. (41)……..…….. Those at another got the same at a discounted price of $3.14.

Although these celebrations are relatively recent trends, pi has been around for thousands of years. The Babylonians were the first to use it 4,000 years ago to calculate the area of a circle. (42)..………….. The ancient Egyptians came closer to the real number in 1650 BC when they calculated pi to be 3.165. Given that these early pi estimates were worked out without any help from computers, their proximity to the mathematical constant's real value is truly astonishing.

Reading and use of English

Part 7

You are going to read an article about some young film directors. For questions 43—52, choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once.

 

 

 Andre's Amador's sand art

Journalist Laura Sandhill meets up with the artist on a beach in San Francisco

A. With a collection of three-pronged forks and hand-assembled rakes cast over one shoulder, the artist Andres Amador quietly descends the steep, crumbling dunes arching over a San Francisco shoreline to the beach below. Scanning the horizon, stopping every so often to smile and pick up smooth stones, he walks until he finds a wide enough stretch of wet sand to serve as his canvas. Soon, it will come to life, etched with the large-scale angles and arches which are characteristic of his captivating Earthscape designs. 'It's a race against time, he says while he prepares, and there is little time to waste. The tide that is retreating as he begins will soon regain its ground, sweeping over his work just moments after it is created. But that, as he acknowledges, is part of the point.

 

B. 'People don't always fee comfortable with artists doing something that seems like it has no real purpose - which really is all art on some level,' Amador says. ‘But I have fully bought into the idea that there's a much bigger thing occurring. Art plays a greater role than humanity, or at least our society, gives it credit for.’ He has spent many years sketching his sprawling artwork into sand across California, Mexico, and New Zealand. The designs are always different, but the results are the same. Beach joggers, laughing children, and soggy dogs pause their seaside fun to observe the lanky man in a sunhat, who moves rhythmically over the surface of the sand. At first, the winding lines he creates don't look like much. But, with a quiet intensity, he soon rakes them into shape, working with care and precision to produce the fleeting piece of art that will astound those who chance upon it.

 

C. While Amador's work was originally inspired by geometric shapes and constructed with straight lines, he has since expanded his technique, taking cues from the environment and replicating its patterns and processes. 'In that sense,' he says, 'there is really a science component to the artwork.' The point is personal: Amador has a degree in environmental science, and was once a computer technician, until an experience at an arts festival gave him permission, as he describes it, to create just for the sake of creation. 'I had to let go of ideas I had around who can be creative and what art is and what the value of art is,' he says. His first Earthscape art was created at Ocean Beach in San Francisco. Ten years later, his passion became a full-time occupation - he now sells photographs and prints of his sand art, creates commissioned art, and conducts workshops. 'It has been a huge evolution for me. The art has guided me, helped me to let go of certainty and absolutes, and I've become open to the mystery of what can emerge,' says Amador.

 

D. When it is finished, Amador's piece on the San Francisco beach stretches for thousands of feet and stops passers-by in their tracks. 'Getting the idea out of my head and seeing it become a physical reality is its own reward,' he says. With a drone, he takes a picture of the work from above, smiling at what he has accomplished. An excited crowd gathers as the water begins to wash away the edges of the design. Amador's designs are truly amazing, but he shows little sign of arrogance about his work, He hopes his art will inspire others to appreciate the moment and to have the courage to express their own artistry, for its own sake. 'There is something deeper inside that we all have to offer, that doesn't exist yet in the world, he says. 'The world deserves to have it.'

 

Which section mentions....